Porcelain Publishing / JCHRM / Volume 16 / Issue 1 / DOI: 10.47297/wspchrmWSP2040-800507.20251601
ARTICLE

Beyond Leadership: How Transformational Leaders Foster Organizational Citizenship and Engagement through Psychological Empowerment

Mohammed Abdulrab1* Kamal Ali Thabet Alwaleedi1 Yaser Hasan Al-Mamary2 Abdul Rahim Zumrah3 Ali Nasser Al-Tahitah3 Al-Baraa Abdulrahman Al-Mekhlafi3
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1 Department of Business Administration, Al-Razi University, Sana'a, Yemen
2 Department of Management and Information Systems, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
3 Faculty of Leadership and Management, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Malaysia
Submitted: 24 November 2024 | Revised: 11 January 2025 | Accepted: 13 January 2025 | Published: 20 February 2025
© 2025 by the Porcelain Press International Limited. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ )
Abstract

This study examines the impact of transformational leadership (TL), psychological empowerment (PE), and work engagement (WE) on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) among academic staff in Malaysian universities. Data was collected through a survey of 385 academics and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via Smart-PLS. The results revealed that transformational leadership significantly enhances psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior but does not directly affect work engagement. Psychological empowerment was found to fully mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement and partially mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, psychological empowerment and work engagement directly influence organizational citizenship behavior. The findings suggest that enhancing psychological empowerment and work engagement is crucial for fostering citizenship behaviors among academic staff. Therefore, leadership strategies should focus on cultivating psychological empowerment as a key driver of engagement and citizenship behavior in higher education institutions.

Keywords
Psychological empowerment
Work engagement
Transformational leadership
Organizational citizenship behaviour
Funding
No funding was received for conducting this study.
Conflict of interest
We hereby declare that there are no conflicts of interest related to this paper's content, research, authorship, or publication. This work's findings, interpretations, and conclusions are solely those of the authors; no outside funding sources, affiliations, or personal connections have influenced them.
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