In recent years, epidemic prevention and control has become a major and hot international issue. In recent years many countries are subject to outbreaks of nuisance to varying degrees, many of these events caused by the virus are lingering in people's minds for a long time: the SARS virus, MERS virus, Ebola virus, Novel coronavirus(Covid-19), which have made the world pay a huge price, such as economic damage to property, loss of labour and large population death. However, when the epidemic occurred, countries in the early prevention, response attitude and even response methods are very different. Therefore, this paper aims to further discuss the influence of social factors such as history, politics, culture and ideology on national response to epidemic prevention and control by observing the responses of China and the United States in terms of preprevention, response attitude and even response methods.